Questions for a bad question

I regularly take the the top voted question from readers and answer it in a post. With 85 votes, today’s winner was:

How do you create a reliable character in your story?  how do you create a deep, reliable personality? So they would seem real?  (Submitted by Elchanan Paley)

I am going to do something I haven’t done before and deliberately not answer this question, at least not directly.

This question seems, at first, like a reasonable, if basic, thing a writer should ask. But there are several issues lurking inside this question that made it a great example for how to ask better questions. It’s not a bad question, despite the title of this post, but it certainly could be a better one. And the way you ask better questions is to question the question.

Why does a character need to be reliable?

I know many unreliable people in real life. Part of what makes a person a person is their contradictions and flaws. Even narrators can be unreliable in good books. It’s by carefully capturing the important details of a person in words that makes them seem real or not. And don’t forget depending on the kind of writing you are doing, unreality is an asset. Consider Frankenstein, Darth Vader or even Harry Potter. Unreliability, or superficiality, might be the most important trait a character, or a person has.

Which writers have you read that have written good characters?

One powerful thing about books is there are no wires or strings. There are no special effects. Every book is just a series of words. This means anything one writer achieves can be studied by other writers. Go read how Dickens describes the characters in Great Expectations, or Tolstoy in Anna Karanenna. It’s all there. Of course you can’t see how many drafts it took them to arrive at these finished works, you can see every verb, noun and adjective in every sentence.

You might read these books and decide that the way these writers wrote those characters isn’t all that good, and as a writer you are entitled to your opinion (A great exercise is to take a page you don’t like from a classic book and rewrite it in your own style). But the way you develop your sensibilities isn’t to just read books about how to write, but to read whatever kinds of books you’re trying to write, study them and then write something yourself based on what you learned.

Pick any two novels, read ten pages of each, and then compare the different ways the author was effective, or ineffective, in achieving whatever thing you want to achieve in your own works.  To be a serious writer demands developing your own opinions and you can only do that by changing how, why and what you read.

Why do you think there is an objective answer?

I think The Catcher in The Rye is a good book, but many people don’t agree, as it has 400+ one star amazon reviews. There is no one answer for what is a good book, much less for what is a well written character. The writing styles of, for example, Hemingway and Updike, are very different, but neither is necessarily better than the other.

This is part of the challenging of making things: you have to accept we are an opinionated species. Some people will like what you write and some people won’t no matter how good a writer you are. Some people will prefer characters written one way, others another. John Gardner, author of the classic The Art of Fiction, wrote that “Nothing in the world is inherently interesting… to all human beings.” If you want to write you have to accept the subjectivity of writing. 

Why do you think I would know the answer?

I’ve written five books, but they’re all non-fiction. I have an unpublished novel, but that, in the grand scheme of writing fiction, isn’t much of an achievement. This means I’m not the best person to ask this particular question. Given how many writers make a living purely by writing about writing, rather than writing books on other subjects, there are many good places to start. Gardner’s The Art of Fiction is the first book I think of for new writers of fiction, but it’s easy to find others.

Can You Have a Career In Solving Big World Problems?

I regularly take the the top voted question from readers and answer it in a post. With 41 votes, today’s winner was:

How would you start a career tackling big world problems? (Submitted by Steve Chung)

It’s best to start by realizing that much like the saying “I want to change the world” the central theme is more about ego than the world itself. Why does the world need changing exactly? Why are you wise enough or worthy of the power required to change the world? Once you scratch the surface of the sentiment and think, just for a minute, about the history of people who wanted to solve big problems, much less the ones who succeeded, you’ll discover how narrow your focus needs to be to get anywhere.

The obvious answer is: Go solve some small world problems and work your way up. No one wants to hear this of course, but if you’re serious about the above question this has to be one of the strongest answers. To cure a disease takes a lifetime of study. To invent a new technology that saves energy, or write a novel that inspires people to be less mean to each other, or a thousand other world changing ideas can only happen if you’re committed to one path, at least for a time. Do you really think someone solved a big world problem in an afternoon? By accident? Do some homework and see what you find.

The real question then is how much work are you willing to invest in your dream? The dream is free, the work is not. Before you can solve big problems you need to learn how to solve many small ones and that will require patience and time. The bigger the problem you want to solve, the more of a commitment you’ll need to make. For fun look at the list of unsolved problems: there are plenty to pick from, and a small contribution to a big problem can have tremendous impact. Maybe start by picking a small problem that’s part of a big problem you care about?

1. It Doesn’t Matter Where You Start

When doing something big where you start does not matter. In our minds ideas are perfect and we imagine the world can turn in such a way that manifesting that idea in the world becomes easy. This prevents many people from starting. Like waiting for an ideal moment to cross a very busy street, a moment that never comes, many smart people stand on the sidewalk forever. They wait and wait, expecting a perfectly shaped path between the present and the dream, and in the waiting nothing ever happens.

We all know from life experience you can’t see much of anything from the outside. It’s only once you step inside the forest that you can begin to find your way through the trees. If you get lost you might need to step out and start again elsewhere, but it’s in the getting lost you learn insight into what you’re truly looking for. Even Elon Musk was involved in several companies before he created SpaceX and Tesla, two companies ambitious about the big problems of space exploration and transportation. But had he tried to start SpaceX first, he might have failed for the lack of experience and resources he gained from those first ventures.

Few people earn the grand reputation in their field of being the go to person for big problems and the ones who do earned it over time. Winston the Wolf from the film Pulp Fiction didn’t start his career as The Wolf.  Queen Elizabeth wasn’t simply granted control over her country because she was born. It can take a career of dedication to earn needed trust from other important people. It may require specializing in a field, and narrowing your focus.

Firemen, SWAT teams and special operations military like Navy Seals are professional emergency problem solvers, but notice they don’t get to pick the problems they solve. They’re called in as the rescue squad, in service to people who perhaps weren’t careful enough to avoid creating the problem in the first place. Being a “big problem solver” might just mean you spend most of your time solving the same problems again and again. Every field has its set of consultants who get paid very well to repeat the same loop with client after client.

This is why it doesn’t matter where you start: no matter what you choose to do first you’ll have a long road of choices ahead. To get the most out of every choice you make, ask the people you find yourself working with three questions:

  • What is the biggest problem you’ve tried to solve?
  • What did you learn from the experience?
  • What will you do differently the next time you take on a big problem?

2. Study People Who Solved Big World Problems

The second best way to learn how to live a certain kind of life is to read biographies of people who have already done it (the first best way is to know people who are already living that life, but that requires more effort than reading a book). Who do you think has changed the world? How did they achieve it? What sacrifices did they make? Where does the reality of their life not fit the fantasy you’ve seen in the movies? In any field there are legendary heroes, but the legends are always filled with myths. You need to do some hard work to uncover what their lives were really like and put into your own memory the benefits of their experience.

I’ve read about heroes like Buckminster Fuller, Gandhi, Michelangelo, Marie CurieVan Gogh, Alexander The Great, and Bertrand Russell, and try to read about a new hero at least every year. Films like Malcolm X, Walk The Line  (Johnny Cash) or Frida do provide some of what you need to understand, but films are dramas. They skip over the boring, daily work demanded to achieve anything interesting. It’s only by understanding the details of real lives that you can compare and contrast what your ambitions are, what you’re willing to do to achieve your goals and what you’re not willing to sacrifice.

Biographies are stereotyped as superficial, but that’s only the bad ones. A good biography explores the interior life of high achievers, and the internal, personal struggles they faced. If you want to follow in their footsteps you have to read about how they chose to take those strides and what it cost them. To your surprise you might discover that every big world problem was born from the previous big world solution.

3. Build Something You Control

Any big world problem demands the ability to make things, whether it’s robots, manifestos or political policies. The sooner you experience the psychological challenges of making an entire thing, end to end, where you are accountable for every part, the better. You will have no one to blame for the feedback you receive, forcing you to learn how to maturely seek feedback that can help you. Rarely in life do we get to put our name on something we make, but when we do it changes our relationship to the work and to ourselves. It is one of the few ways to discover our weakest skills, a discovery that’s good to make early (and more than once, as our weaknesses and strengths change over time). To the surprise of many dreamers, a common weakness is a lack of dedication to their own dreams.

Many people see books, films and the arts as the most leveraged place for a person with world changing ideas to work. It’s in these mediums they can make things unencumbered by anyone else and have a chance for thousands or millions of people to see their work. The writer or filmmaker chooses every word and every shot that makes it into their work, something most people in most organizations can never say. Getting people to care about what you make is another matter, but craft should come before marketing, and craft comes only from making things. In building things yourself, even as a novice, you may discover insights that experts in the field have long overlooked.

You may discover, in the actual doing of the work, that you enjoy solving small problems more than big ones. Or that it’s not the size of the problem that matters, but how much you care about the people who have the problem. For a young child in trouble, the lack of a friendly adult in their lives might be the biggest problem they have, and solving it for a specific person might be more meaningful than any number of inventions or awards. Our biggest liability as a species might just be we underestimate the big impact that solving small problems can have.

4. Build Something You Don’t Control

I’ve been spoiled by the freedom of software startups, so taking on the bureaucracy of government, cities and law turned me off.

The oldest and most important systems are the hardest to change, yet that’s where most of the big problems in the world are. World peace? World hunger? Space exploration? Crime? Health care? These are all grand problems that mostly involve forces you can never entirely control.  Any big world problem hinges on collaboration, and working with people who have resources you need and can’t get on your own. Read about Susan B. Anthony, FDR, Margaret Mead or Marie Curie. How did they use power that wasn’t their own to achieve big things? The sooner you try to build something that depends on other people, the sooner you’ll learn that social and political changes are often far harder than technological and creative ones. The big discovery for would-be world changers is that persuasion is central to success: and how big a factor your reputation is in persuading people.

5. Think in Systems 

Americans often forget that the President of the United States is not a dictator: his powers are muted, in the design of the U.S. Constitution, by the other two branches of government. This means to be successful a president must not only have ideas, but understand how to navigate those ideas through the complex politics of Congress. Systems thinking is a field of study that identifies the system, meaning the rules and the patterns, as having primary importance. Learning to think in systems gives an alternative view of why a problem exists, and helps separate causes from symptoms. To ask questions like  “Why does this problem even exist?” or “What patterns does this problem follow compared to big problems in other fields?” is to look at the broader system view, where solutions to the hardest problems are often found.

  • Who benefits from the Status Quo?
  • When was the last time this problem changed dramatically for the better or worse?
  • Who has proposed good solutions in the past and was rejected? Why?
  • What are the assets and liabilities of the group that has power over this problem?
  • Who is the most powerful person interested in change?
  • What coalition can be built and what will unite them?

The Systems Bible by Gall is a comical introduction to systems thinking, particularly how a failure to think in system terms is a common cause of failure in trying to solve problems. The Logic of Failure by Dorner, explores how systems of decision making in organizations leads to avoidable failures. Learning to ask good questions is central to problem solving and systems thinking, and the best book on asking questions for problem solving is Are Your Lights On? By Weinberg. But sadly I don’t know of a single good book that explains how to use systems thinking to solve big problems. Perhaps that’s the first big problem one of you readers can solve.

—————-

What advice would you give to someone who wanted a career in solving big problems? Leave a comment.

Did you read Making Things Happen? Anniversary soon

lrgNearly 10 years ago, on May 2 2005, I published my first book, originally titled The Art of Project Management. Due to an issue with the title it went out of print, and was republished again in 2007, in an updated and heavily revised edition, with the title Making Things Happen. Its been a very popular book and it sent me around the world to talk about the ideas it offered. I’ve written more than 200 blog posts about related topics like management and design, often responding to reader questions and challenges.

With the ten year anniversary coming up, I’m talking with O’Reilly Media about doing something special to celebrate.

One idea is to do a weekly reading group, starting on the anniversary date, where I’d do a weekly Q&A about each chapter with whoever wants to read along. How have my thoughts changed? There’s only one way to find out.

If you read the book, what would you like to see? Leave a comment if you have ideas. Thanks.

Why Bad Odds Can Be Good For You

Sometimes I have an idea for something I want to make. When I mention it to friends, I eventually hear “interesting, but odds of it working are slim to none” And I’ll think, yes, I agree. But the idea stays on my mind. Slowly I realize I want to do it anyway. I don’t care what the odds are. I want to see how close I can get to matching the idea in my head to something real in the world. I don’t need the project to succeed, in total, for it to be interesting. And if it fails it will be far more interesting, with many lessons to learn from, than a dozen boring successes. If I only did things that had high odds of success, I wouldn’t be successful.

This is why I have trouble with the question: “What would you do if you could not fail?” It’s a fun question for poking at the specter of fear, revealing how we limit ourselves before we event consider many ideas, but it’s limiting too. If I couldn’t fail perhaps I wouldn’t do much of anything at all. It’s often overcoming a challenge that motivates me. Being superman might be a bore. When people tell me the odds for an idea working are low, I consider that ideas with great odds are boring. I agree that going to school to study widget making to be a junior widget maker at WidgetCorp has high odds, but odds of what exactly? High odds of security perhaps, but if you don’t like widgets it’s also high odds of depression. Another popular saying is nothing ventured, nothing gained. A safe venture yields only safe gains, meaning a safe venture isn’t really an adventure at all. They say most businesses fail in the two years. That most books don’t sell many copies. Why is this surprising? The interesting things in life are hard. Do you want an interesting life? Then you have to accept different odds.

Of course we are lousy at predicting odds too. We assume all people are the same and have equal chances at the same challenges. We love to throw numbers around, pretending they grant us certainty of the future when we know they do not. Variables change. What seemed the safest choice one day might become the riskiest a year later. Evaluating risk is wise, but so is evaluating the risk of overvaluing that evaluation. Now and then you have to decide to do it anyway. That despite all the logic and rationalizing there is something in your intuition and emotion that needs to take this risk in the face of what all the numbers say.

For interesting ideas bad odds are far better than zero odds. A 5% chance at a dream might be as good as it ever gets. A lifetime of strictly 90% probable choices is a sad life for many people. Sometimes in life you have to take a 10% or 20% chance now and then  just to know what a 90% choice really feels like, a sense you lose if that’s all you ever take. You learn something about yourself  no one else can give you by taking a chance purely because you want to do it. And you keep the discoveries you make about yourself regardless of the outcome. You learn more about what failure means, and how to avoid it and recover from it, things you will need in life no matter how safe you play it. Taking a chance is also the best way to meet other people willing to take chances, who, I can tell you, are full of life in ways bored, safely successful people never are. The odds of your very existence were extremely bad – you’re already a fluke – why live all of your life pretending otherwise?

Why I Love Bukowski (and my favorite quotes)

It was my friend Rich Grudman who first told me to read Bukowski. He gave me Post Office, about Bukowski’s drunken Kakfaesque experiences as as poet working with mail. I found an unusual kind of truth in it. Unlike the majority of writers he wasn’t primarily interested in impressing anyone. There were no grand flourishes or overwrought metaphors. He seemed like a terrible person in many ways but there was something oddly refreshing about how little he tried to hide it.

Much like Henry Miller’s non-fiction, Bukowski believed that, even as a drunk, if he were honest and treated his thoughts like a craftsman would, he’d be a rare voice in the literary world. And he was. He spent, as most writer’s do, a career in obscurity, but late in his life, to his surprise, and many others fame came his way.

I know, from the documentaries, he was a bum, a drunk and a jerk, and I accept that since he seemed to have. I thought the movie Factotum was much better, and funnier, than Barfly. I’m still catching up on his poems, the work Bukowski perhaps did best, but I’ll get there soon. To celebrate his birthday here’s a list of my favorite Bukowski quotes (there’s a searchable archive of his work here):

“If you’re going to try, go all the way. Otherwise, don’t even start. This could mean losing girlfriends, wives, relatives and maybe even your mind. It could mean not eating for three or four days. It could mean freezing on a park bench. It could mean jail. It could mean derision. It could mean mockery–isolation. Isolation is the gift. All the others are a test of your endurance, of how much you really want to do it. And, you’ll do it, despite rejection and the worst odds. And it will be better than anything else you can imagine. If you’re going to try, go all the way. There is no other feeling like that. You will be alone with the gods, and the nights will flame with fire. You will ride life straight to perfect laughter. It’s the only good fight there is.”

“There’s nothing to mourn about death any more than there is to mourn about the growing of a flower. What is terrible is not death but the lives people live or don’t live up until their death. They don’t honor their own lives, they piss on their lives. They shit them away. Dumb fuckers. They concentrate too much on fucking, movies, money, family, fucking. Their minds are full of cotton. They swallow God without thinking, they swallow country without thinking. Soon they forget how to think, they let others think for them. Their brains are stuffed with cotton. They look ugly, they talk ugly, they walk ugly. Play them the great music of the centuries and they can’t hear it. Most people’s deaths are a sham. There’s nothing left to die.”

“Most people who write shouldn’t”

“An intellectual says a simple thing in a hard way. An artist says a hard thing in a simple way.”

“We’re all going to die, all of us, what a circus! That alone should make us love each other but it doesn’t. We are terrorized and flattened by trivialities, we are eaten up by nothing.”

“My ambition is handicapped by laziness”

“The shortest distance between two points is often unbearable.”

“You have to die a few times before you can really live.”

“BELIEVE YOU ARE GOOD WHEN THEY TELL YOU YOU ARE GOOD AND YOU ARE THEREBY DEAD, DEAD dead forever. Art is a day by day game of living and dying and if you live a little more than you die you are going to continue to create some pretty fair stuff, but if die a little more than you live, you know the answer. Creation, the carving of the thing, the good, creation is a sign that the god that runs you there inside still has his eyes open. Creation is not the end-all but it is a pretty big part. End of lecture #3784.” Pg. 33, Screams from the balcony

“Sometimes you just have to pee in the sink.” – Bukowski

“As we live we all get caught and torn by various traps.  Writing can trap you. Some writers tend to write what has pleased their readers in the past.  They hear accolades and believe them. There is only one final judge of writing and that is the writer. When he is swayed by the critics, the editors, the publishers, the readers, then he’s finished.And, of course, when he’s swayed with his fame and his fortune, you can float him down the river with the turds”

“it’s not the large things that
send a man to the
madhouse. death he’s ready for, or
murder, incest, robbery, fire, flood…
no, it’s the continuing series of small tragedies
that send a man to the
madhouse…
not the death of his love
but a shoelace that snaps
with no time left” (From The Shoelace)

“Some people never go crazy. What truly horrible lives they must lead.”

“We cure the obvious and the subtle takes over.”

LeaningTowardThisMachine

Book Review: The True Believer – Thoughts on The Nature of Mass Movements

7223225_origSomewhere back in college I became familiar with The True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements. It was one of those books I’d heard of, but never read, despite owning several used copies of it. Recently on twitter I posted a quote of Hoffer’s that I’d found years ago, which led to a conversation and actually reading the book.

“Faith in a holy cause is… a substitute for the lost faith in ourselves” -Eric Hoffer, The True Believer (#)

One foundation of philosophy is the question “Why do you believe what you believe?” it’s a core part of epistemology, yet rarely do we slow down enough in daily life to follow that question all the way down. We expect that the deeper we go, the firmer the answers become, but the opposite is true. Any child who continually asks “Why?” demonstrates, to the frustration of their parents, the further you go the fuzzier the answers get. It’s easy to discover, if you’re willing to dig, that many of our beliefs are absorbed socially. We simply believe what we believe because we’re around people who believe those things. Or we explicitly were told what to believe by parents or teachers early in our lives.

Belief might be primarily a social function, a matter of psychology and culture, rather than intelligence. And if it’s a social function, how can anyone who believes anything be sure it’s worth believing in? That a particular belief is morally, or even selfishly, good? Especially if they’ve never believed anything else? Are there different kinds of faith? How do you know what kind you have? These are dangerous questions. Questions most people don’t want to ask, much less do the hard work of an honest search for answers.

This explains why The True Believer was such an interesting read. Hoffer takes on the entire notion of movements, political and religious, and attempts to cast a single net over the lot of them. It’s a challenging read not because of the writing, Hoffer writes simply and clearly, but because of the sizable questions he packs into each page.

The problem with, and the delight of, the the book is it’s written in a style rarely seen anymore. There aren’t ten rules or six pillars. He doesn’t spoon feed solutions or meanings. Instead he sweeps over history, sometimes making unfair generalizations or skipping past obvious counterarguments. The book is a polemic, although he quotes enough history, when convenient, to pretend otherwise. As someone who has never been formally part of a religious group even I had trouble with some of what he says. Not because I disagreed with the negative light he puts over his subject, but because I found the way he made his points unfair. I had similar feelings about the opening chapters of Sam Harris’ The End of Faith. Hoffer writes concisely and you’ll need to do some legwork to vet his claims and references as it’s not always a fair playing field, but that’s part of the fun of polemics. They are great to read with friends, especially friends with different points of view.

The core theme of the book is a scathing view of human nature and the dangerous patterns of how we unite in society. It’s no accident Hitler is shown on the book’s cover, as Hoffer’s demonstrates how we, as a species, are prone towards mass movements (Freud’s Civilization and Its Discontents has a similar thesis). He explores the patterns and elements that build them, the psychological drives they satisfy, and the blind spots we have against reason while we’re in a mass movement. This has implications for everything: organizations, governments, religions, corporations and more. Consider sports teams, fandom of rock stars, nationalism,political campaigns and on it goes. The patterns he describe are offered as universal, suggesting this is simply part of who we are. Is it morally good to have 50,000 followers on twitter? Is the ambition to create a corporate brand known, or worshipped, by millions much different from a cult? All these questions came to my mind while reading this book.

He never gets around to exploring the upsides of mass movements (or declaring he thinks there aren’t any. The book was written in 1951, before the U.S. Civil Rights Movement). Nor does he offer antidotes or countermeasures, which makes the book feel like a warning bell. Can a mass movement be moral? Can it have leaders who don’t, as he identifies, use the movement for their own advantages? He never gets that far, but perhaps he doesn’t need to. Reading the book will leave you with many big questions about who you are, which is all any curious reader can ask from a book.

The meta question: is Hoffer’s book, given its popularity, guilty of the things the book criticizes? Can you have a mass-movement about questioning mass-movements? I’ll be thinking about this for some time.

Here are some of the passages I marked from The True Believer:

It is a truism that many who join a rising revolutionary movement are attracted by the prospect of sudden and spectacular change in their conditions of life. A revolutionary movement is a conspicuous instrument of change. pg. 3

“religiofication”—the art of turning practical purposes into holy causes.” pg. 6

Those who would transform a nation… must know how to kindle and fan an extravagant hope. It matters not whether it be hope of a heavenly kingdom, of heaven on earth, of plunder and untold riches, of fabulous achievement or world dominion. pg. 9

The less justified a man is in claiming excellence for his own self, the more ready is he to claim all excellence for his nation, his religion, his race or his holy cause. pg. 14

One of the most potent attractions of a mass movement is its offering of a substitute for individual hope. This attraction is particularly effective in a society imbued with the idea of progress. pg. 15

They who clamor loudest for freedom are often the ones least likely to be happy in a free society. The frustrated, oppressed by their shortcomings, blame their failure on existing restraints. Actually their innermost desire is for an end to the “free for all.” They want to eliminate free competition and the ruthless testing to which the individual is continually subjected in a free society. pg. 33

If a doctrine is not unintelligible, it has to be vague; and if neither unintelligible nor vague, it has to be unverifiable. One has to get to heaven or the distant future to determine the truth of an effective doctrine. When some part of a doctrine is relatively simple, there is a tendency among the faithful to complicate and obscure it. Simple words are made pregnant with meaning and made to look like symbols in a secret message. There is thus an illiterate air about the most literate true believer. He seems to use words as if he were ignorant of their true meaning. pg. 81

There is also this: when we renounce the self and become part of a compact whole, we not only renounce personal advantage but are also rid of personal responsibility. There is no telling to what extremes of cruelty and ruthlessness a man will go when he is freed from the fears, hesitations, doubts and the vague stirrings of decency that go with individual judgment. Pg. 100

The missionary zeal seems rather an expression of some deep misgiving, some pressing feeling of insufficiency at the center. Proselytizing is more a passionate search for something not yet found than a desire to bestow upon the world something we already have. It is a search for a final and irrefutable demonstration that our absolute truth is indeed the one and only truth. The proselytizing fanatic strengthens his own faith by converting others. Pg. 110

Copyeditor wanted: for The Ghost of My Father (memoir)

test-cover[This position has been filled. Thanks]

My 6th book, The Ghost of My Father, is on the home stretch. With the support of 200+ kickstarter backers, I finished the 4th draft over the weekend and the book is ready to go to the next step: Copyediting.

I’ve worked with copyeditors on all of my books, including Mindfire, the only previous book I’ve self-published, a process I highly recommend.

Copyeditor wanted: 

I’m looking for a sharp copyeditor who practices tough love, extreme sarcasm and enjoys long arguments over wine about the Oxford comma (or arguments about why arguments like this are silly). Previous book copyediting experience required (preferably of a memoir, although a heavy diet of reading memoirs works too).

To apply:

  1. Briefly describe the worst memoir you’ve ever read
  2. Give one reference for a writer you’ve worked with who loves and hates you for the right reasons
  3. Tell me if you’re available and what your rates are
  4. Contact me here with the above

Why The Best Idea Doesn’t Always Win

berkun-myths-210x315-200x300[This is an excerpt from the bestseller, The Myths of Innovation. You can read a summary of the entire book here]

Why people believe the best wins

This myth is best captured in the famous saying, “If you build a better mousetrap, the world will beat a path to your door.” Unfortunately, the quote is a misattribution to Ralph Waldo Emerson, a leading 19th-century intellectual. What he actually said was “If a man has good corn, or wood, or boards, or pigs to sell, you will find a broad, hard beaten road to his house.” I’m not sure when you last sold pigs or grew corn, but Emerson had something other in mind than rallying would-be entrepreneurs. The phrase was meant to be poetic, not instructional, and he’d be disappointed at how many people have taken his words literally.

The phrase has been used as the entrepreneur’s motto, misguiding millions into entertaining the notion that a sufficiently good idea will sell itself. As nice as it would be for good ideas to take responsibility for themselves, perhaps using their goodness ID cards to cut ahead of stupid ideas in the popularity line, it’s not going to happen. Even the (false) proverbial mousetrap, as historian John H. Lienhard notes, has about 400 patents for new designs filed annually in the U.S., and we can be certain that no one is beating down their doors. More than 4000 mousetrap patents exist, yet only around 20 ever became profitable products.

These days, the best equivalent to the metaphoric mousetrap is “to build a better web site” or mobile app, proven by the 30,000 software patents and 1 million web sites created annually. Certainly not all of these efforts are motivated by wealth or wishful thinking, but many inventors still hope that the “If you build it, they will come” sentiment is alive and strong.

Lienhard, based on his study of innovations throughout history, challenges that faith:

Rarely if ever are the networks that surround an innovation in its earliest stages given the credit they are due…a better mouse- trap, like anything else, will succeed only when those who envision the idea convince others to join in their new venture—as investors, suppliers, employees, retailers, customers, and even competitors.

The goodness or newness of an idea is only part of the system that determines which ideas win or lose. When we bemoan our favorite restaurant going out of business (“but they make the best cannelloni!”) or why our favorite band can’t sell albums (“they have the best lyrics!”), we’re focusing on the small part of the picture that effects us personally, which is only one factor in the environment determining its fate. These environmental, or secondary, factors have as much influence as the quality of the idea, the talent, or the innovation itself.

The secondary factors of progress

The history of innovation reveals many ideas that dominate a field yet are derided by insiders. Any hi-tech device today follows the QWERTY keyboard model, a system not designed for efficiency or ergonomics. The Phillips screw is inferior to the lesser-known Robertson screw, a clever gem of industrial design. The M-16, the most widely produced rifle in the world, had serious jamming and ease-of-use problems. Fireplaces, staples in American cabins and homes, are one of the least efficient heating systems known to man. And HTML and JavaScript are far from the best software development languages, yet they’re perhaps the most successful in history. The list goes on, despite the best wishes of all of the smart, goodness-motivated people throughout time. Even today, right now, ideas of all kinds that experts criticize—including those in your own fields of expertise—are gaining adoption.

In Chapter 4 of The Myths of Innovation, the psychology of innovations’ diffusion was explored, listing how individuals make choices that impact innovation adoption. Now, it’s time for a broader analysis of influen tial factors. Looking at history, here are seven factors that play major roles:

  1. Culture. The Japanese invented firearms years before Europeans. But their culture saw the sword as a symbol of their values: craftsmanship, honor, and respect. Despite the advantages of using firearms, the innovation was ignored and seen as a disgraceful way to kill (a sentiment echoed by the Jedi in Star Wars films). The best technology is only one view of innovation—how the innovation fits in a culture’s values is often stronger. For example, imagine a device in the U.S. that gave you telepathy at work but required making lunch out of your neighbor’s dog or being naked in public, two taboos of American culture. Innovations do change societies, but they must first gain acceptance by aligning with existing values.
  2. Dominant design. The QWERTY keyboard came along for the ride with the first typewriter. When Christopher Sholes created this layout, he didn’t imagine millions of people using it—he just needed a design that wouldn’t jam his mechanical keys. But once typewriters succeeded, the first computer designers wanted to ease people’s transitions to their creations, so they copied the typewriter design. Many dominant designs achieve popularity on the back of another innovation. Better designs might follow, but to gain acceptance, they must improve on that dominant idea by a sufficient margin to jus- tify the costs of the switch (e.g., re-learning how to type). The more dominant the design, the more expensive those costs are (e.g., try innovating, or unifying, the shape of electric plugs around the world).
  3. Quality of the execution of the idea. Having a good idea doesn’t guarantee the way you manifest it in the world will be good. For a great idea for an automobile or a novel to be fully realized depends on the quality of hundreds of small decisions. Some good ideas, including ones labeled as “ahead of their time” lead to failed products. Some bad ideas, if executed in the right way, or marketed successfully for the climate of the times, can be successful in a marketplace, even if they are bad for consumers or the planet (e.g. unhealthy fast-food sold in styrofoam).
  4. Inheritance and tradition. The U.S. rejection of the metric system is tied to tradition: America already knew the English system, so why learn another? (See “Space, metrics, and Thomas Jefferson,” later in this chapter.) Some people confuse their comfort for a belief with it actually being good; therefore, inherited ideas (including the evils of bigotry, ignorance, and urban legends) are often protected by the very people they hurt in the name of honoring the beliefs of their parents and the past. This is a specific cultural factor.
  5. Politics: who benefits? There’s often little malice in political workings—people are simply acting in self-interest. In any situation, just ask: who benefits if we choose X, and who benefits if we choose Y? You can predict how people in power will respond to any new idea if you first calculate its impact on them. The interests of those in power influenced the adoption, or rejection, of every innovation in history. Hunger, war, and poverty are tough problems, but it’s in someone’s interest for those problems to continue. Any innovation aimed at solving those problems must consider politics for it to succeed.
  6. Economics. Innovation is expensive: will the costs of changing to the new thing be worth it? Everyone might agree that an innovation is better in the abstract, but the financing required might be impossible or the risks unreasonable. Dominant designs (see above) are expensive to replace. Often there is only time or money for innovating in one area; other innovations are rejected, not on their merits, but on their value to the priorities of the moment.
  7. Goodness is subjective. Get three people in a room and you’ll get five definitions of goodness (see Chapter 10). Fireplaces, mentioned earlier, are popular because of how they look more so than how they function. Consumer differences in values, tastes, and opinions are rarely explored until after an innovation has been proposed, or even built, leaving innovators with creations the public does not want. Smart innovators study their customers, mastering their needs early enough that those factors can be useful. The often-used Beta vs. VHS example fits: a key factor in the success of VHS was tape length (three hours, enough for a feature film, to Beta’s one hour), which was more important to consumers than Beta’s superior video quality.
  8. Short-term vs. long-term thinking. One part of goodness is time: how long does this innovation need to be used for? Many superior ideas are rejected by societies interested in cheaper, shorter-term gains. In the 1930s, major cities in the U.S. had public transportation—trolleys and tram systems modeled on successful designs from Europe. But in the rush of the 1950s, and the thrill of automotive power, those street- cars were removed and replaced with new lanes for cars. Today, many cities regret these changes and approximate trolleys with new light-rail systems. The goodness of ideas changes depending on how far into the future their impact is considered.

The next time you witness a great idea rejected, or a bad idea accepted, this list will help reveal the true factors at work.

If you liked this you should pick up a copy of the very popular book, The Myths of Innovation.

My Automattic Anniversary

Four years ago, on August 4th 2010, I was hired at Automattic, makers of WordPress.com, as the first leader of Team Social. It was the beginning of a journalistic writing project that would become The Year Without Pants, an Amazon.com best book of 2013.

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There were many crazy things about the idea which is why I was so excited to do the project and why I’m proud of it now. I look back fondly on the entire experience, including all of the mistakes I made along the way. I still think often about the 20 months I worked on WordPress.com with my team and those memories stay with me today. If my biggest dream wasn’t to keep writing books, I’d probably still be there.

Thanks to Matt Mullenweg Toni Schneider, Mike Adams, Beau Lebens, Andy Peatling, all the great folks I worked with, and everyone who has supported the book since its release last year.

Speaking at Seattle’s Robots, Writers & Ciders

Later this month I’ll be speaking at a community arts event at Umqua bank in South Lake Union. You’ll get to sample some great cider from the Seattle Cider Company, learn about robots from DXARTS PhD candidate / artist  Meghan Trainor, and have a Q&A with me about creativity and writing. If you bring a copy of any of my books I’d be happy to sign it for you.

umpqua

It’s free but you have to RSVP:

When: Thursday August 21st 5:30pm – 7:00pm
Where: Umpqua Bank, 200 Westlake Ave. N

Get your tickets / RSVP here.

How To Pitch Ideas: Q&A

Last night I ran a workshop on How To Pitch Ideas, hosted by the wonderful folks (Llewyn Paine, Emilie Thaler and  Cathie Toshach) at the Seattle IXDA chapter. The topics covered were generated by the attendees themselves at the session and I promised I’d write up notes, which you are reading now.

References:

The important advice most people don’t want to hear

Pitching ideas is hard. Most of what we think we know about doing it well is inspired by TV shows and movies, where a charismatic, creative person magically convinces rooms full of recalcitrant people to follow their ideas. This rarely happens in real life. Most pitches fail to convince anyone. The reason most pitches fail to convince anyone is the person who is listening to the pitch often already has their own ideas for what they want to do, and even if they don’t, they are listening to dozens of competing pitches for the same resources. By the time you pitch them you’re often already too late. You can do everything right in your pitch and still fail.

It’s a rarely discussed fact in creative circles, but the more powerful you are, the fewer pitches you need to do. Always remember this. If you are the CEO of the organization or the grand emperor of the planet Pitchus in the Andromeda galaxy, people pitch you. They pitch you because you have the power. Any job that demand you pitch all the time reflects the lack of true authority you have over creative decisions. This means persuasion is a central skill in what you do, and the sooner you treat it as a central skill the better (See 5 dangerous ideas).

The best way to persuade people is in informal settings. You often earn this right only by cultivating a reputation for having good ideas, which takes time. And the best people to bother trying to persuade are decision makers (or people one step closer to decision makers than you are). Real influence is having the kind of relationship where you can go talk to powerful people about an idea informally, without the unavoidable theatrics that come in to play in big meetings. In a big meeting people in power can’t speak honestly: they know that 5 or more people are listening, each of whom wants to hear different things. An executive, or client, is less open to ideas in big meetings than they would be in nearly any other setting (such as a private chat in their office or a conversation over coffee).

The goal then is to develop relationships and credibility with the important people in your world so that your formal pitches, in idea review meetings or grand product planning sessions, are not the first time decision makers have been pitched by you. You want big meetings to be closer to formalities, or at least situations where you understand who in the room are already your supporters, and what approach you need to take to try and convince those in the room who are naturally critical or have goals that don’t match yours.

It matters who makes the pitch

We judge people heavily based on their reputation. Someone you trust could give the same pitch as someone you didn’t, and you’d respond to “the pitch” differently. Reputation matters. How much latitude and benefit of doubt you will get when you pitch something depends on what you’ve pitched before, what the outcome was and how much respect they generally have for you work. This means a few things. First, you might have an amazing idea that requires a far better reputation than you have (e.g. on your first day at work it’d be a mistake to pitch reorganizing the entire organization). Second, for any given idea there might be someone other than the person who came up with it who is the best person to pitch it. This might mean asking your boss to make the pitch or a coworker. You might need to decide if you care enough about the idea to let someone else make the pitch on its behalf.

Topics, situations and answers

I started the workshop with an option to use my slidedeck, or to build a list of situations from attendees and spend the time discussing them. They chose the later (I pitched them harder on this option, and I won!). Here’s the list we worked from during the workshop, with my notes on the answers.

  • The decision maker already has an idea. This means you are in a dog and pony show – the pitch meeting is theater. They’ve already had whatever brainstorming discussions they’ve wanted to have with the people they respect. You need to figure out how to get involved earlier in the process so you are pitching at a time when ideas are being considered. If the decision maker has an idea already, whose was it? When did that person talk to the decision maker? How can you time things earlier for the next project or next idea? Of course you can also try to pitch them on why your idea is even better than they one they already have.
  • What are counter-tactics for meetings where people delay and filibusters new ideas? In any meeting ask the question: who is in charge here? Any meeting that is poorly run, or more precisely, is run in a way where most new ideas are shot down is not an accident. The person in charge is running it that way for a reason (one potential reason is they are incompetent, but for the hopes of a fair pitching landscape the negative effect is similar). Ask yourself: what is the reason? What do they have to gain from having a meeting that’s so hostile, or so incompetent? This situation is similar to the first: it’s likely the frustrating experience of the discussion is really about the fact that someone in power already has a plan. The meeting is just for show to make everyone feel like an honest discussion is happening.
  • How do I get better at pitching? Pitching is a skill. It’s a kind of performance. The only way to get better at any skill is to practice. When you find a new idea grab a coworker or friend and pitch them on the idea. Don’t pick your warm and fuzzy friends – pick people who are smart and critical. Let them ask you question and pick your idea, and your pitch apart. Then do it again, and again, learning each time. The more important a particular idea/pitch is to you, the more practice you should have with it before you do the pitch to the person in power. Develop relationships with coworkers where you practice pitches on each other – not to stroke your ego but to get thoughtful feedback you need to hear to improve your pitch before you actually do it.
  • Does who I’m pitching to matter? What good is a great pitch to the wrong person? Or more precisely, how can you know if your pitch is any good if it’s not crafted for the person you want to influence? Understanding who you are pitching might be more important than the pitch itself. If you had a great idea, would you pitch it to Justin Bieber the same way you’d pitch it to the Pope? You should study who is going to be in the room when you give a pitch: what are each of their goals? their preferences? what was the last idea they supported? what was the last idea they rejected? What are their goals for this quarter or year? Who do you know that successfully pitched them and what advice do they have? All of those things give you valuable data about how to tell your story differently, or possibly even to pick a different idea to pitch them on.
  • Is there a secret system for perfect pitches? There is no secret system for anything. I recommend thinking about 5 / 30 / 300. You should be able to explain your idea in 5 second, 30 second and 300 second versions. Distill it down and down until it’s a single sentence. If you do this well it will be interesting enough that the person you pitch will instinctively ask a question, leading to your 30 second version of the pitch. And if you do that well, they’ll ask for more, and you’ll be ready to give them  the 4 or 5 minute version.
  • If I get access to the key decision maker, how should I pitch them? Concision is the most important thing. Most creative people who have developed a good idea assume they have to explain the process for how they found the idea in the pitch. This is a big mistake. How you invented something has no impact on whether the thing you invented solves a problem for someone or not. Put your pride aside and focus on what the idea can do and who it can do it for. When you’re famous you can explain how you did it, don’t worry until then.
  • In my team meetings my ideas get ignored but are proven right later. If this happens often I’d think about who in the room, if I convinced of I was wrongfully ignored, would do anything different in the next meeting to help me. I’d try to document my experience: perhaps by taking meeting notes that just happen to include my suggestion. Then when my ignored suggestion is shown later to have been right, I’d take that documentation and go talk, in private, to the person in the room who could have changed things. I’d tell them the story: “I pitched this idea last month and it was ignored, and look now. what could I do differently next time I have a good idea to get more support for it?” And see what they say. Odds are high they themselves will listen to you differently from now on.
  • How do you pitch people you don’t know? Pitching is similar to dating. The best advice is to listen first. Ask questions that help you figure out who you are  talking to. What are your goals this year? What frustrations do you have? What problems are you trying to solve? In letting them talk first you give yourself the benefit of matching, in your mind, the ideas you have to the situation they are in.
  • My ideas always get shot down without a fair debate. Help? Most organizations use phrases called idea killers that unfairly kill ideas. They include “We don’t have time” or “We tried that already” or even “We don’t do that here.” These sound smart but they are substance free. Rheotically they have no substance. You should familiarize yourself with the common idea killers in your world and practice responses that keep the conversation going. Expect to hear them and have a response you’ve already crafted. Healthy creative organizations have leaders who kill idea killers for you.
  • Can you use emotion to your advantage? We are emotional creatures and pay great attention to how invested people seem to be in whatever they are telling us. Most people hide their emotions around even their own ideas. This is a mistake. All things equal you will be more convincing if you seem passionate and engaged as you talk about your idea. Showing that you’ve done your homework (preferably by your ability to answer questions rather than burying people in details) is another way to convey how committed you are to the idea you’re talking about. Stories have emotional power that data does not – a pitch involving a single well told story of a real person with a real problem can have more impact than thousands of dollars worth of demographic research reports.
  • How to use data. Data is only useful if it fits the goals of the people you are pitching to. Facts can help tell a story, but only in the fact has two qualities: 1) it hits directly on a situation the people you are pitching care about 2) your idea presents a solution to that problem. Data is a double-edged sword though. You can easily fall into the trap of arguing with someone about whether your data, or their data, is better, an argument that is very hard to win. Ideally data and research were a natural part of your process for how you developed your idea in the first place, in which case it will be natural for you to refer to it as part of your story. Searching for supporting data only to help sell something in a pitch is guaranteed to suffer from confirmation bias – something a wise audience will spot and question, hurting your credibility, so be careful.
  • How to find the right story to tell? A story has three parts: a character, a narrative and a conclusion. Every person and every culture prefers different characters, narratives and conclusions. There is no single story that connects with everyone. I would study the goals of the organization or project to look for characters and narratives to use. Pitching a hospital? the main character is likely a patient, or a doctor, or a technician. The narrative might be: bills are hard to figure out. The conclusion is perhaps, if we follow the idea I’m proposing we can improve the readability of bills by significantly (or if you want have data to support it, XX%).
  • How to get people to fight your battles for you. People are most likely to fight your battle for you if they don’t think it’s just your battle. If they see (perhaps because you tell them) that by supporting you they get what they want, it’s natural for them to get involved. Any decent boss naturally shares your interests as they want you to succeed and will help you for that reason alone. Sadly not all bosses are decent, and even the decent ones aren’t necessarily politically savvy. You may need to walk them through why supporting your pitch is in their interest and make specific requests for what you want them to do to (“Can you mention this at the next manager’s meeting?” or “since you like this idea, can you support me when I pitch it to the team?”)

Have other pitch related questions? Leave a comment.

Vote On The Cover Design: Final Round

More than 350 of you voted for the previous round of cover designs. Thanks for your feedback dearest readers. A few weeks have passed since then and I’m back today with what are likely the final cover concepts: only two to choose from. How exciting!

Important: If you missed the kickstarter campaign, you can join this list to be first to be notified when the book is on sale, and receive early giveaways, free book excerpts and more.

The book itself is rolling along – still at work on draft #3 and it’s progressing nicely. Plan is for the book to be out this fall.

Regarding these designs: they’re not final, but we’re close. I’m still working on what the tagline will be (“The story of a father and son” isn’t quite right), or even if there will be a tagline at all.

Design A: Bench

berkun-V04-concepts-072014-02C-small

Design B: Chains

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Snowpiercer: Movie Review

I’m a fan of creative dystopia and when I saw the graphic novel Snowpiercer at Elliot Bay Books I immediately picked it up. The premise is ridiculous, but metaphoric: all the survivors of the human race are stuck on a train together, a train that must keep moving for everyone to survive. Go ridiculous metaphors! What is a good graphic novel without them?

Unfortunately the book isn’t very good. It’s underwritten in most ways and never takes full advantage of the interesting premise. The movie however is much better. I’d recommend it generally for science fiction fans.

The film centers on the struggle between the lowest class of people, those stuck in the back cars called the tail. They live in poverty, have barely anything to eat and struggle to survive. A revolution is brewing and they’re planning a desperate attempt to work their way forward and, if lucky, take control.

I recommend the film for two reasons. The primary metaphor of confined class struggle is explored in different ways. When resources are scarce, or you are at war, what is the best way to govern? It’s no surprise those at the front of the train, who live in luxury, force the belief that where you are born on the train is where you must stay. The second reason I recommend the film is because of its many thoughtful flourishes rarely seen in American action films. Although the film is violent, there are moments when things slow down to capture a snowflake floating by, or the curious handling of a large fish by soldiers just before an awful fight is about to begin. There is a patience and craft at work here that’s hard to ignore. The performances are good, there are surprises and some fantastic sets that take on the challenge of how 1000 people could survive on a train for 20 years.

The film was nearly buried in the U.S. as the Weinstein company demanded changes director Bong Joon-Hoo refused to make. It’s only now after the film has had success in Europe and Asia that it’s finally getting wider release here.

Of course it is still a sci-fi film and there are some cliches and absurdities you must either suspend disbelief for or willfully enjoy.

How To Get Out Of A Bad Habit

I regularly take the the top voted question from readers and answer them in a post. With 62 votes, today’s winner was:

How Do you Get Out of A Bad Habit

There is plenty of advice today about habits and how to change them. I’m no expert, and you can find plenty of well regarded books on the subject. While the topic hasn’t reached mainstream knowledge yet, I hope it does. Our habits define who we are more than our dreams do. All schooling is an attempt to change students habits, but we are never taught how to change them on our own. The fancy word to know is metacognition, which means thinking about how you think. This is a key element in changing habits and many other things about yourself, as thinking about how you make decisions is exactly what you need to change your own habits.

A better question is: how to get into a good habit. Framed this way you have positive psychology on your side, increasing your odds. A goal like “I want to lose 50 pounds!” is far too vague and negative, compared to “I want to eat a healthy salad for lunch 5 days a week.” That second goal is specific, positive and thoughtful, and easier to achieve. Start by defining the goal in something you can do on a daily basis and that is positive.

We like dramatic goals since it’s easier to get initially excited by them, but they’re too abstract. Because of their grandiosity we feel worse when we’re not making progress, not better. It’s easier to quit a goal that feels impossible than one that’s merely about a small decision we have to make today.

1. Get your own data

If you have a bad habit you probably don’t realize how often you do it. Start by simply accounting for your habits. Exactly how many Oreos do you eat per hour? How many times per day do you check Facebook? Have a place, on a whiteboard or on your phone, where you mark down every time you do the thing you’re trying to do less, or more, of. You don’t have to change your habits yet: that comes later. But for now build in awareness of exactly what your current habits are.

You might be surprised by the patterns you find. And the simple act of recording it might motivate you to do it less. Maybe there’s a habit you don’t even realize you have that sets off the habit you want to change. Perhaps it’s the time of day when you have the most stress that the habit is most pronounced? Or when you’re with certain people? This is data about you that no book or expert can provide: you need self-awareness if you want to change yourself.

And by writing down every time you do something you’re teaching yourself an important skill: how to form a new habit. Without even changing the old habit, you’ve put a new, healthier pattern in place. Give yourself credit for how many days in a row you document what you’re doing. Writing things down every day is an easy habit to learn: we all had it in elementary school. There are plenty of mobile phone apps that help with this.

2. Find A Partner

We are social creatures and many bad habits involve other people to share them with. Find a friend who has something they want to change, and partner with them. Websites like stickk and 43 things make setting and sharing goals with friends into a game. This uses the forces of peer pressure to push you in a direction you want. Many of our most common bad habits are done socially (drinking, smoking, overeating), but so are many of the habits we want (exercising, volunteering, connecting). Think through who in your life most contributes to your bad and good habits and shift how you spend your time accordingly, or even invite friends that you share bad habits with to join you or your goal for a better habit.

Simply being around people who are engaged in habits you want to adopt will change your perception of the habit and of yourself. Many of our deepest habits are learned from the most intimate relationships we’ve had: our families. You will feel differently about the daily walk around the block you are proud of if the people you like spending time with take a daily 2 mile hike. You’ll naturally want to participate, and it will be a nudge towards a habit you want that will feel good, not bad.

3. Pick smart rewards, not just old ones

Many people use bad habits as rewards: an extra cupcake, a third beer, or a four hour TV binge. Think about things you enjoy that are entirely positive, where the reward doesn’t work against the very goal that earned the reward in the first place. Experiences, like going to the movies or a play, make for great rewards since they’re about an experience you don’t often have but probably enjoy and can look forward to. The concept of a cheat day makes sense in it sets up a controlled escape valve for natural desires to experience old habits, .

4. Choose alternative behaviors

After you’ve made recording data a habit, you have to find alternatives. The joke of course is, like the Lloyd Bridges character from the movie Airplane!, it never seems like a good day to make a change. When under pressure we compulsively want comfort and that means our old habits.The mistake Bridge’s character made though wasn’t about the day he chose. It was about what his lack of forethought for feeling pressure to return to the old habit. He had no alternative, had no partner, and wasn’t recording data about what he was doing.

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This is where the practice from #1 and #2 above come into play. If you have a partner, odds are they’re not experiencing a craving for old habits at the same time that you are. If you reach out to them they can help talk you through the feelings you’re having and sort them out without using the old behavior. If you’ve been tracking your habits, looking at the last few days or weeks of data will remind you how much you’ve achieved so far, and inspire you to stick with it another day. You’ll be reminded it’s not just about the moment you’re in – it’s about the long term, and it’s the long term view that made you want to try changing your habit in the first place.

It’s best not to depend on willpower. No one really has very much of it. The basic notion of a habit is to be able to do something without much conscious effort. Use the  willpower you do have each day to do the simple things that will influence your behavior in the long run. It’s what you do each day that allows the natural pull of habituation to move you towards the behaviors and goals you desire.

Notes from World Domination Summit 2014

I speak Sunday spoke yesterday at the World Domination Summit in glorious Portland, Oregon. The event started Friday and it’s clear this is a most unusual event: there’s an energy that I’ve only seen a handful of times in the hundreds of events and conferences I’ve been to. It’s always a pleasure to speak to a crowd of 2500 people who are so engaged and willing to give energy back to the stage.

I decided to take notes during the many sessions and that’s the balance of this post.

I noticed even during speaker rehearsal that the crew was having fun and working hard, a magical combo of culture. When the organizers and volunteers are having fun and committed to making something interesting happen, it rubs off on everyone. When you walk into any of their venues the volunteers give you high fives and a big smile, which seemed cheesy at first, but it nudged me, and every attendee, towards being social, friendly and engaged.

The event was founded and led by legendary man of the world Chris Guillebeau and in his opening comments he explained the goal of the entire enterprise (which is now four years old) is to find answers to this question: How do we live a remarkable life in a conventional world? The event tries to answer the questions in different ways and through different activities, but all have three values in play.

  1. Community – connecting with interesting people
  2. Adventure – taking risks and doing new things
  3. Service – making the world a better place

Many of the 2500 attendees are solo entrepreneurs, small business owners, marketers and people with a passion for three goals above. Over 150 people work on putting the WDS event together. Most are volunteers including the core team. And it’s a non commercial gathering – there are no sponsors and nothing is sold other than ideas, and books from speakers.

The event opened by setting a world record for making a Yoga chain. More than 800 people joined in the hot Portland sun.

AJ Jacobs

I’m a fan of Jacob’s work: I read his excellent book The Year of Living Biblically (my review), where he spent a year trying to follow every rule in the bible, which turned out to be far more challenging, and in many cases, impossible than anyone expected.  He talked about this and his other quest books, explaining that he’s  not naturally brave, but he’s forced himself to be and its changed his life. There are three rules he tries to live by.

  1. Be bold
  2. be experimental
  3. be strategic

Jacobs mentioned that in many of his projects he’s learned that “it’s easier to act your way into a new of thinking, than think your way into a new way of acting” – Jerry Sternin (part of his theory of positive deviance). Sometimes you have to force yourself to do new things and only later will your thinking and feelings change.

He studied many historical figures and learned none of them achieved what they became famous for by staying home. They took risks and put themselves out there. Langston Hughes  was working at a hotel, when the famous poet Havel was staying at the hotel. Hughes slipped one of his poems into his room, and it led to his first break as a writer. As Hughes said, “[I] did not let my dream be deferred”. Jacobs had a similar experience when someone volunteered to be his assistant. The bible does condone certain kinds of slavery and Jacbos realized “The closest thing in modern times to slavery is an internship” so he hired him. That assistant would go on to write a successful book of his own.

Jacob’s latest project is about family. He received an email from someone claiming to be his 12th cousin. He learned about Geni, a website that has the largest family tree: 77 million people. He claimed that everyone on earth is 55th cousins or less. He pointed out this is bad news for bigots – when you look at the tree its harder and harder to make distinctions.

He’s trying to organize he largest family reunion in history – there will be a film (and I’d guess a book?) about the event.

Jadah Sellner

She opened by reading a poem she wrote a decade ago that began “I encounter every lesson in life on purpose” It was a personal poem about her life, her loves, overcoming abuse and… much more than I can explain without letting you hear the poem itself. She briefly told the story of the company she runs called  Simple Green Smoothies, (her bio) and offered rules she’s used to turn her at times difficult life around:

  • Say dreams out loud
  • Take imperfect action
  • Let go

She mentioned a research paper about the different systems we have: doing systems and thinking systems, and how we can only use one system at a time. She mentioned the habit many dreamer types have of coming up with a business idea, and a name, and buying a domain name for it, but never doing anything with it (and got most of the audience to admit they’ve done this themselves). She claimed this identifies you as a dreamer  And for every dreamer there is probably a doer out there, who knows how to develop ideas into businesses, but doesn’t have the vision or the idea. She’s interested in how to bring these behaviors and attitudes together.

She offered that dreaming big is hard as adults, and saying dreams out loud can have an unexpected kind of power.

To get to her current successful business shehad two failed businesses first. In July 2012 they started an instagram account for Simple Green Smoothies. It was more of a side project (e.g. an imperfect action). They didn’t even have a website. But just by focusing on one small, easy thing they gained traction and feedback to what they were sharing. It was strictly photos and recipes of smoothies. Only later did they create a website and the skills they learned at the previous businesses helped the third business come together.

She closed with five rules:

  1. Take consistent, ninja-focused action
  2. Stay insanely curious and see what sticks
  3. Court your community
  4. Create hyper-engaged connection
  5. Choose Love over Metrics

It was an inspiring talk – she’s a passionate speaker and the combination of an entrepreneur who’s comfortable reading her poems about her life was a most welcome surprise.

Gavin Aung

Gavin is a cartoonist, known for his website Zenpencis, He used to work at a boring corporate job, and although he had drawn for most of his he’d never tried to make it his full time profession. He noticed the rising web comics market and was aware of how the web had changed opportunities for creatives. He read The Art of Non-Conformity which asked two questions he took seriously:

  • What talent do you have that you can see yourself spending your life doing
  • How can you use that talent to help other people?

As illustrated in one of his most famous cartoons, he decided to quit and cut against the path he was on. He’d been reading biographies of great thinkers and began making illustrations of some of their most famous quotes. He put all his eggs in the basket of his cartooning and its what he’s been able to do full time every since. A book collecting some of his best work will be out this November.

Shannon Galpin

Women in Afghanistan don’t have a voice. In their courts women count as 2/3 of a man. Shannon works in Afghanistan on women’s rights issues. She offered some shocking statistics about womens issues

  • 14 million girls given away as child brides
  • 4 million girls and women sold into slavery
  • 237,868 women are raped or sexually assaulted in the U.S. annually
  • Around 60% of sexual assaults are never reported
  • (She didn’t provided specific sources)

She offered that these numbers are overwhelming and it’s easy to want to look away. But she explained that she, and her sister, are one of these numbers, and even victims an be apathetic, or feel motivated to turn away. It took her many years to find her voice and break her silence about what happened. The culture of silence needs to change.

“I always wondered why somebody doesn’t do something about that. Then I realized I was somebody.” – Lily Tomlin

She shared the story of a young rape victim who had photos taken of her while she was passed out, and that the images were spread widely on social media. There was a hash tag for it. But someone made a counter hashtag: #jadacounterpose. It’s an example of the power of voice. There is always a way to speak up.

She found her voice after visiting women’s prisons in Afghanistan. 50-80% of women in prison are there for morality crimes related to arranged marriages or for being a rape victim. She discovered an outpouring of stories, told faster than the translators could translate. No one had ever cared to hear their story before.

“I get up every morning determined to both change the world and have one hell of a good time. Sometimes this makes planning my day difficult.” – E. B. White

She offered that we have enough non-profits, but we don’t have enough citizens engaging. And two of her interest are mountain biking and street art. She loves how art in public places is unexpected. She uses public art exhibitions to change the stories people were telling and to draw people out.

She showed My body is not a democracy, which inspired her. It helped her decide to want to make art that compelled people to act. The Combat Apathy project, started in 2012, is her manifestation of this idea. It’s a blog, a program of exhibitions and more.

Michael Hyatt

Hyatt is an author and blogger, who writes about marketing and personal branding. He opened with a story about fishing and building model airplanes with his father, and his father would encourage him as he worked. His father changed jobs and became a traveling salesman, and when he was home he developed a drinking problem and became an absent father. Michael began drinking at 14. One day coming home he and his sister found his father passed out on the sidewalk, and was humiliated in front of his friends. He made a silent vow “I will never be like that”, but it was an overcorrection. In 1992 he found himself checked out from his own family.

He called this the drifting life – a life where you think you’re in control but you’re really not. People who are caught up in life’s distractions. People who end up in a destination they would never have chosen. He calls the driven life  the overcorrection. Both are unconscious approaches to life. He offers a third alternative called the designed life.

Later in life he heard his fathers story. He served in the Korean war and was seriously injured and went into a multi-month coma. He returned home, married Michael’s mother and had to find a job, without a high school education. He drifted into a career, making choices for sideways reasons.

He shared stories about his success and failures in life, that center on three questions:

  1. How do I want to be remembered ?
  2. What is important to me?
  3. What single brave decision do I need to make today?

Saki Mafundikwa

He’s from Harre, Zimbabwe and offered that he’s had many different careers, mostly related to design. His general philosophy is “jump and the net will appear”. Most of the beginning of his talk was about his culture. Everyone has a family name and a totem (or animal) name. Some people use their totem as their last name, and add an emphasis to it. He taught the audience several totems.

He worked as a graphic designer out of country and wrote the first book on African typography. He moved back to Zimbabwe in 1998 to open a design school. He called it ZIVA, which means design knowledge (I think that’s what he said). A major challenge is lack of funding. They’ve had to look within, as his travels to America for philanthropic projects to support what he was doing. He choose to build a curriculum based on African values and cultural traditions. They just signed a deal with AutoDesk to introduce 3D design to his country. In a country with an oral tradition, there aren’t as many written stories as there stories that are told, and part of their mission is to produce works that tell those stories.

DAY 2 / Sunday

Gary Hirsch

He started by talking about the monsters he was afraid of as a kid, and how his father told him to draw them. This was part of how he learned to express his feelings and develop the craft of making art. He asked two questions of the audience:

  • What’s one brave thing that you’ve done?
  • What’s one brave thing you want to do but haven’t?

He asked if anyone had a brave thing they wanted to do in front of 3000 people, and about a dozen people raised their hands. He picked a woman who wanted to teach yoga to the audience and she came up on stage. She had everyone simply touch their toes, and then told everyone they are perfect just how they are. Gary then gave everyone in the audience a bravebot, a simple totem for staying brave and helping you do your brave thing.

 Dee Williams

She is known for building and popularizing mico-houses. She talked about needing a shove to get started and that if we knew what to do, we would do it. But why don’t we? Sometimes we lack the courage to follow our heart. She pulled out a red blanket (stolen from Delta airlines), which she put on as a superhero cape. She had the audience practice standing in a power pose of a kind, standing like a superhero.

She grew up on a large lot in the midwest, with little parental supervision and she developed a sense that at any moment she’d become a superhero. Most of her interests were about the outdoors and spending time with animals and nature. She went to work for state agency working on the environment, but she wasn’t happy despite her success. At 40 she had a heart attack and she wears a pacemaker (defibrillator?) today. She was given 1 to 5 years to live and she realized she needed to act now. She decided to build a little house, 84 square feet, at a cost of $10k, and built it herself. She made mistakes at first (she glued herself to the house once) but she slowly learned the skills needed to do build the house she wanted.

Her utilities were $8 a month – her cell phone was her biggest expense. Simply by letting go of her own life she had flexibility and more control over her life. The little house lets her see more of nature: when it’s cold outside, the house is cold. She can hear the neighborhood birds. And most importantly, her life change has made her self-aware and more in touch with who she is.  “A new sense of problem solving evolves by simply showing up differently.”

She started a company to teach other people how to build little houses. And wrote a book about her life, called The Big Tiny. She’s designed what she hopes will be we retirement home, and it’s 54 sq. feet.

The way she measures success now is how she shows up, and how she shows up with her friends.

John Francis

In 1971 he witnessed an oil spill in the San Francisco bay: two oil tankers collided. He spent 17 years walking across America, and taking a vow of silence, in protest. He broke the vow on the anniversary of earth day and he broke his silence with friends and family. He said “Thank you for being here”. He’d learned much about communication from his vow and he realized how you can’t share a message if there’s no one there to receive it. He was surprised by the sound of his own voice, thinking perhaps someone else had said what he was thinking, and he started laughing about it.

“People are part of the environment” Then our first chance to influence the environment is how we treat each other. Human rights and gender equality are part of what influences the environment.

During his walk he decided to start painting. One on day during  his walk he found himself arguing with people about what he was doing, and chose to be silent for a day. He discovered how much more he learned by listening, so he stayed silent for a year. He kept a journal to go with his paintings, and showed photos from his journals. While he was silent he made himself go every day (silently) if he could make a portrait of them. He made powerful connections with people silently.

He arrived in Oregon and studied for a degree at a college in Ashland. They gave him two years of credit for work he had previously done (including 12 credit course in non-verbal communication). After he graduated he was accepted to the University of Montana, and it took him 2 years to get there by walking. He was a TA and taught without using spoken language.

He’d go on to work on environment legislation. He’d never have believed when he first decided to walk that it would lead to so many adventures and opportunities to make a difference and become a respected leader and influencer. His point was that you can’t ever really know what will happen or where things will lead, but having the courage to do something is essential.

Elise Blaha Cripe

She explained she dreaded being asked about what she did. Unlike being a smoothy maker or a sales associate (jobs she has had). They were easy to say, but none were what she wanted to be doing. She already had a blog and was selling things online through it. She wasn’t comfortable explaining it all and it didn’t feel real. She eventually came up with an answer: “I make stuff”.

Her answer has developed into:

  • I am a creative person
  • I design products
  • I sell handmade goods.
  • I teach workshops.
  • I write a great blog.

When she gets stuck on a project, which she often does, she admits she’s not an expert. It’s expected to her that she’ll fail. She considers herself to be an expert at the attempt.

“Great people do things before they are ready” -Amy Poehler

Failure is information. You use it and move forward. She has a one year old daughter and observes this all the time. Her daughter isn’t waiting until she learns how to walk to walk, she’s failing her way into learning.

She does many big projects and she calls them creative challenges. Her first was to decorate a playing card every day for a year. She learned that daily challenges are fun, hard and also boring, but she liked it and she shared he progress on her blog. She made it 10 months when she realized she was over the project. At 26 she decided to do 26 craft projects over 12 months.

For all her work she tries to leave space to grow. There has to be room to adapt. But there you also have to say it aloud and force yourself to confront how it feels when you do. Sharing your idea gets it on other people’s radar, to get an accountability partner.

She tweeted on day about wanting to start a podcast, hoping somehow a “podcast company” would magically respond with everything done for her. But what she did get was a response from a fan with a link to a webinar about starting a podcast. It changed her idea from an abstraction without any steps to a first step, which she took. The podcast launched this year.

She invited all of us to write down the think quietly (on special stickers that were handed out earlier), then write down our bold statement and share it today.

 John Jantsch

I spoke right before John and unfortunately didn’t catch most of his closing talk.  If someone took notes, leave a comment.

Photos from the event here.

5 Questions that decide if Facebook crossed the line

There are 4 points and 5 questions at the heart of the latest drama around Facebook and ethics, and the report of a recent experiment they did regarding emotions.

1. All media manipulates emotions by design

Newspapers editors have always chosen which news stories we see, choices made with emotional impact in mind. Television and print news have a long history of over-reporting stories of violent crime, far out of proportion to the rate they happen. One argument is the belief it’s easier to draw attention for negative stories. Another is that making people feel bad eases the challenge of selling them things in ads (See Do Emotions In Ads Drive Sales?). The news feed from any news source has always been editorialized, or in more cynical terms, manipulated. There has never been a news report that is purely objective, although some are more balanced than others.

Advertising by definition is “a form of marketing communication used to encourage, persuade, or manipulate an audience” (#). Television, print and web news generally depend on advertising for income. Any service you use that depends on advertising feels pressure on on all of their choices to help advertisers succeed in their goals.

2. Clickbait and headline crafting are emotion manipulations

News services choose which stories to cover and how to title them. There is a natural incentive to want stories to draw attention, and the writing of titles for articles is an important skill, a skill based on understanding reader’s emotions. Buzzfeed and Upworthy are notorious for their careful crafting of the title of the articles (The Atlantic reported on Upworthy’s successful headline style). The common use of puns (humor), tension (fear), and teases (curiosity) are all based on attempts to use the reader’s emotions to make them more or less likely to want to read the story. Headlines predate the web, and the history of newspapers documents yellow journalism, a practice still in use today.

3. Designers of most major websites experiment on their users

For more than a decade it has been standard practice for people who design websites to use A/B testing on unknowing users of a site. These experiments are done regularly and without any explicit user consent.  A designer’s job is to learn about user behavior, and apply their knowledge of humor behavior to help their employer with their goals through redesigning things. Any website that depends on advertising for revenue is designed with the goal of selling ads. This includes most of the major news services that have been critical of Facebook’s behavior, including The Economist, The Atlantic, The Wall Street Journal, The Guardian and The New York Times. All of them have likely done research on unsuspecting users regarding how design changes impact user behavior.

Most major software companies employ user researchers and user experience designers, people who study human behavior for the corporation. Many of these people are hired for their expertise in experimental psychology. Most formal experiments are done in labs with explicit participant permission, but as software world has shifted to the web, the formality of online user experiments has changed.

4. The Facebook news feed has always been controlled by an algorithm

At any moment there are 1500 possible stories Facebook can show the average user. Much like Google or any search engine, Facebook has an algorithm for deciding which of many competing links (or stories) to share with any user at any time. That algorithm is not public, just as the algorithm in the minds of any news editor anywhere isn’t public either. That algorithm is perhaps the greatest piece of intellectual property Facebook has, and it is something they are likely developing, changing, and experimenting with all the time in the hopes of “improving” it. It’s no accident Facebook calls it the news feed.

Just like any media source, improvements from Facebook’s perspective and a particular user’s perspective may be very different. However all sources of media have some kind of algorithm. When you come home from work and tell your spouse about your day, you’re using a kind of algorithm to filter what to mention and what to ignore and have your own biases for why you share some news and not others.

Facebook is a social network that by its central design mediates how “friends” interact.

5. The 5 questions that decide if Facebook crossed the line

Outrage is emotional itself. When we get upset, based on a headline, we already have confirmation bias about the story. None of us heard about what Facebook did from a purely objective source. We all entered the story the same way we enter all stories, with preconceptions of our own and influences born from the editor and writer.

Ethics gets grey fast once you get past initial emotions and dig in to how one practice compares to others. There is never just one bright yellow line, instead it’s a series of many gray lines, where the details make a difference. There are 5 questions that probe at the entire issue and yield perspective on what’s right, what’s wrong and what’s somewhere in the middle.

  1. Is it ethical to manipulate people’s behavior? Perhaps, but with media it’s a matter of degree. All communication has the implicit goal of effecting people in some way. All media organizations, which includes Facebook, have a combination of motivations, some shared by their users and some not, for the changes they make to their products. Advertising has strong motivations to explicitly manipulate people’s emotions and any organization that use ads are influenced by these motivations.
  2. Is it ethical to use design and experimental psychology to serve corporate goals? Probably. This doesn’t mean all experiments are ethical, but using experiments of some kind has long been the standard for software and technology design, and similar methods have long been employed by advertising agencies. There may be nuances that should be adjusted, but in principle research on human responses to media is standard practice and has been for a long time. In the pursuit of making “better” products, research is an essential practice. I don’t think Facebook’s Terms of Service needs to state anything specific about experimentation if the terms of service for news and media outlets that do similar experiments don’t have to either.
  3. Was there something wrong with explicit, rather than implicit, emotion research? The outrage may stem from this difference. Rather than they study being about increasing clicks, which has implied emotional factors, the stated goal was purely about influencing how people feel. This makes it feel categorically different, even if the methods and motivations are largely the same as much of the research done in most software and media companies. Plenty of magazines and websites have the primary goal of changing how you feel about a topic or issue (e.g. Adbusters). The results from the study were moderate at best – a tiny amount, about .1%, of influence was found. There are other possible issues with the study design, described here.
  4. Was there something wrong in doing an experiment at this scale? Maybe. If the study had sampled 20 people I doubt there would have been much outrage. Something about the scale of the study upsets people. The rub is that when your service has 1 billion users, a small experiment involves thousands of people (the study involved 689k users, less than 1%).
  5. Was it unethical to publish the results in a research journal? Possibly. On one hand research journals have specific protocols for participants in studies. But on the other hand, if it’s common for an an organization to do the experiment in private, why is it unethical to report on it? (I’m not saying it’s necessarily ethical, I’m just raising the question)

Why You Are Not Drowning In Data

[This essay appeared in issue #9 of Offscreen magazine]

We love to blame the world because the world can’t blame us back. I recently read Sarah Gooding’s article titled Drowning in Data: When News is Noise. She feels information overload makes it hard to cultivate creativity. It’s a sweet article and you should read it, even if I disagree. She writes:

It’s never been easier to be productive, but it’s also never been harder. With technology and a flood of information at my fingertips every time I turn on an Internet-connected device, my resolve crumbles.

There is a difference between how something feels and how something is. Of course life feels overwhelming at times. We all struggle to concentrate on what we want to now and then. But that doesn’t mean the world, or the technology in it, is accountable for our problems. Throughout history some people have struggled to be creative and to concentrate, while others haven’t found it to be much of a struggle at all. What explains the difference? I don’t think technology has much to do with it.

My theory is it’s best to think of information overload as a myth. As long as the things that distract you have an off switch, the problem isn’t the world, the problem is you. The world has always had far more information than we can consume, much less comprehend. The only thing that’s changed is our self-righteous stress in response to it.  Consider these situations:

  • When you go to a concert with friends are you distracted by the crowds around you?
  • When you go to a bookstore, are you overwhelmed by the books you see?
  • When you walk in nature, do the thousands of plants & insects stress you out?
  • When you breathe, does the abundance of air in the atmosphere around the planet worry you?

There are floods of information at our fingertips all the time, even when you go camping in the wilderness or when the power goes out in your apartment. The same arguments about how mobile devices or social networks are overwhelming could be made about anything on the list above. But we don’t make those arguments about anything other than technology and media. Why? Technology is an easy target. It’s easy to blame. It reflects our product centric culture that it is products, and not ourselves, that are the problem. We imbue technology with god-like powers which gives us the psychological crutch of blaming it first. But we forget only we turn the devices on and only we can turn them off. Gooding briefly mention The Slow Web, but even this puts technology in the center ring. Your mind should come first, always your mind. Our minds excel at tuning things out. We tune out an infinity of information all the time.

Much of our talk about information overload echoes the excuses of addiction. We complain that the web is trash, yet we complain about how hard it is to turn it off.  We crave, we habituate, we justify, and we get nervous and uncomfortable when we don’t get our fix. And when we fail and feel bad we blame the technologies, and the world, for our problems.   We wonder “why is there so much information? Who did this to us?” when the answer is always the person asking the question. We’ve been well trained to consume far more than we need. Our apartments and garages are filled with things we never use, yet we feel guilt in getting rid of them. Instead we want even more things. And we feel guilt there too, but not enough to change our behavior. It’s wise to ask who benefits from all this negative energy around consumption. It’s probably not you.

We consume information the same way: our inboxes and reading lists are several lifetimes long, yet every day we go out and chase more for no good reason at all. It’s a paradox: we fear missing out so much that we miss out. We are compelled to be information fiends, hoarding it, feeling shame over it, feeling dopamine rushes when we capture new batches, conquests that only repeat the same pattern. There’s really no reason to worry about reading all the books you own but haven’t read, yet we do. Speed reading is shallow reading, and we know, as Gooding points out, that we want depth over volume. The problem is very little of our behavior is in line with that goal. But if you can’t make your behavior align with your goals, whose problem is it? Nothing stops you from reading The Power of Habit, except, of course, your habits. Maybe useful books of self-awareness like it sit sadly in your queue, as you’ve forgotten it’s only reading books that helps your mind, not the buying.

Gooding writes:

The Internet is a black hole of information, sucking me in with its digital distractions.

Socrates never said “I’d do great work if I didn’t have philosophy overload from hanging out at the agora.” Emily Dickinson didn’t complain of vocabulary overload in the English language. Picasso, Da Vinci, Tesla and Marie Curie all possessed amazing curiosities and could have easily been distracted away from their work by the abundance of sex, food, conversation, money, news, books, and paintings in their lives. Yet they worked. They produced. Van Gogh was mad and starving and produced. Every generation has had its grand distractions. We forget ancestors painted on cave walls, as the struggle for survival didn’t stop their creativity. Bukowski was a drunk and a bum in nearly every sense of the word, yet wrote and wrote and wrote even more. With as little as he had, he sacrificed his time, and arguably his life, in the service of his ideas. What are you willing to sacrifice to create? If you don’t sacrifice something, it’s the creating that will be sacrificed for you. For our grandparents it was radio. For our parents it was TV. For us it’s the web. For our children it will be something else. There is always a justifiable distraction but history does not give you a pass for the ideas you let yourself get distracted away from.

As a writer I have days where no matter how much I want to work, I’m unproductive. I know it comes with the territory. I know my daily habits are a shield and my passion and love for ideas must fuel that shield and make it both stronger and more flexible. But I’m human and sometimes my habits fail me or I them. But I will never blame Netflix, or Twitter, or a phone, for the same reasons I would never blame the wind or the sky. It’s up to me to gain control over my mind. It’s my job as professional to take responsibility for both the inputs and outputs of my brain. It’s the willingness to work, over months and years, to make my mind an ally in my pursuits and not an adversary. But the first step is to stop blaming the information or the world. The world and the technology in it has never been the problem and as long as every device we use has an off switch, it never will be.

If you feel like you are drowning in data, stand up. Stand up for yourself and own your consumption. You’ll discover when you stand that you’ve been “drowning” in a kiddie pool all along.

Related:

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The doors of Paris: a photo essay

I spent a few days in Paris last week (to speak at USI 14). For fun I took photos of every interesting door I walked by. I didn’t seek out interesting ones with a plan. I didn’t want to be deliberate about it. Instead I chose to pay attention as  I walked through the city.

Doors fascinate me for many reasons. They’re ignored by most people walking past them, but to anyone who lives or works there this is their daily portal into another slice of their life. For many of these doors I wondered: who lives there? what are they like? What does this particular door say or not say about them?

Without any further commentary here are the doors of Paris.

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Back my next book on Kickstarter today

This morning I launched the kickstarter campaign for my next book, The Ghost of My Father. I’ve written several posts about the book over the last few weeks, and if you’re interested in the book now is your chance to be a part of it.

There are plenty of great rewards – if you’re a fan of my other books I think you’ll dig them, but of course the coolest ones are in limited quantities. Take a look now and I hope you’ll help me with my next project. Thanks.

The Ghost of My Father – now on kickstarter.

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